' test04() side set pin with FAILURES!!!!!
' Output pulse on GP20 (pin 26) with side_set on GP21 (pin 27)
Option explicit

'  Using a 5khz clock: 1 cycle=100 clock ticks
'test04: NB SELF: FINAL code generated using pasm!!!!!!!
'Data "set pindirs 3 side 0"
'Data "set pins 1 side 0 [10]"
'Data "nop [10] side 0"
'Data "nop [10] side 0"
'Data "set pins 0 side 1 [10]"
'Data "nop [10] side 1"
'Data "nop [9] side 1"
'Data "JMP 1 side 1"
'Data ""

Dim integer asmcode(7)

asmcode(0)=&HAA42AA42EA01E083
asmcode(1)=&H1001B942BA42FA00
asmcode(2)=&HA042A042A042A042
asmcode(3)=&HA042A042A042A042
asmcode(4)=&HA042A042A042A042
asmcode(5)=&HA042A042A042A042
asmcode(6)=&HA042A042A042A042
asmcode(7)=&HA042A042A042A042

'SetPin 26,pio0      ' ok
'SetPin 27,pio0      ' ok
SetPin GP20,pio0     ' ok
SetPin GP21,pio0     ' ok

PIO clear 0

PIO PROGRAM 0,asmcode()

' set clock 5kHz assign 26 to SET group, 27 to SIDE SET group.
PIO init machine 0,0,5000,Pio(pinctrl 1,1,0,0,21,20)
' HERE:                                        |  | GP pins ONLY without pre-'GP'!

' and start the output
PIO start 0,0
PIO execute 0,0,0 'entry point 0

Do
   Pause 1000
   Print ".";
Loop                                                                                

' toggle() simple toggle of set & side set pins out of phase
' Output pulse on GP20 (pin 26) with side_set on GP21 (pin 27)
' Runs from both a cold start and reboot ok, with the "fix".
Option Explicit

Dim integer MakeItWork=0
Dim string ip$

Print "Fix code y/N? ";
Do
   ip$=Inkey$
Loop While ip$=""
Print ip$

If ip$ = "y" Or ip$="Y" Then
   Print "Toggle will now work ok!"
   MakeItWork=1
EndIf

'toggle() NB: FINAL code generated using RPF pioasm!
'.side_set 1   <--- max delay reduced to 15
'    set pindirs 3 side 1
'.wrap_target
'    set pins 1 side 0 [15]
'    set pins 0 side 1 [15]
'.wrap

Dim integer asmcode(7)

asmcode(0)=&HA042FF00EF01F083
asmcode(1)=&HA042A042A042A042
asmcode(2)=&HA042A042A042A042
asmcode(3)=&HA042A042A042A042
asmcode(4)=&HA042A042A042A042
asmcode(5)=&HA042A042A042A042
asmcode(6)=&HA042A042A042A042
asmcode(7)=&HA042A042A042A042

SetPin GP20,pio0
SetPin GP21,pio0

PIO CLEAR 0

PIO PROGRAM 0,asmcode()

' NB: Base pins are GP pins sans "GP"
Dim integer dum0 = Pio(pinctrl 1,1,0,0,20,21)  ' Reversed pin bases!!!
Dim integer dum1 = Pio(pinctrl 1,1,0,0,21,20)
Dim integer dum2 = Pio(execctrl 0,1,2)

'Print "&H"+Hex$(dum1)    <<<<< Correct data for this call
'Print "&H"+Hex$(dum2)    <<<<< Correct    ditto
'End

If MakeItWork = 1 Then
   PIO INIT MACHINE 0,0,1000000,dum0,dum2  ' Initial pin bases reversed
   PIO START 0,0
EndIf
PIO INIT MACHINE 0,0,1000000,dum1,dum2      ' Correct call
PIO START 0,0
'PIO EXECUTE 0,0,0       ' Not needed when default start 0?

Do
   Pause 1000
   Print ".";
Loop

End

; vSync7
; NB: Mod'd for multiple wraps!!!!
; Moved all irqs to 4-7
.program vSync7
;
; sMachine 0 starts here!
;
   set pindirs 7       ; 3 O/P pins vSync, hSync, pix Data
   set pins 3          ; Both syncs Hi, pix Lo
   pull block          ; Get loop count 16619 @ 1MHz (once only!)
   mov y osr           ; Store for re-use every loop
.wrap_target
   Set pins 2 [31]     ; vSync Lo hSync Hi for 64uSecs
   nop [30]
   Set pins 3          ; Revert to both default Hi
   irq 4               ; SET signal for sMachine 1
   mov x y             ; Get delay count
loop1:
   jmp x-- loop1       ; 16.6 mSecs delay
.wrap
;
; sMachine 1 starts here!
;
   pull block          ; vBack porch delay @ 1MHz clock 1.02 mSecs
   mov y osr           ; Store 1020 for re-use every loop
vBPorch:
   mov x y             ; Pre-set the counter
   wait 1 irq 4        ; Wait for vSync signal irq4 & clear
loop2:
   jmp x-- loop2       ; delay back porch
   irq 5               ; Signal sMachine 2
;>>>    jmp vBPorch     changed to wrap in sMachine 1
;
; sMachine 2 starts here - hSync + hBackPorch
;
   pull block          ; Read in 480 line count
   mov y osr           ; Store for re-use every loop
mloop:
   mov x y             ; Pre-set counter
   wait 1 irq 5        ; Wait for signal and clear
loop3:
   set pins 1 [3]      ; hSync pulse 4 uSecs (vsync Hi data Lo)
   set pins 3 [2]      ; hSync BPorch - Both syncs Hi & data Lo
   irq 6               ; Signal sMachine 3 GO
   wait 1 irq 7        ; Wait for sMachine 3 to return
   jmp x-- loop3       ; Do next line
;>>>    jmp mloop       changed to wrap in sMachine 2
;
; sMachine 3 starts here
;
   pull block          ; Read in 640 (pix/line)
   mov y osr           ; Store for re-use each loop
pix:
   mov x y             ; Pre-set counter
   wait 1 irq 6        ; Wait for sMachine 2 & clear
   set pins 7          ; pix 1 Hi, vSync & hSync Hi <<<< current RGB data
loop4:
;    OUT pins 1         ; OUT instruction for 1 bit (each pixel B/W data)...
   jmp x-- loop4       ; ...this would take 2 cycles - go to 50MHz clock?
   irq 7               ; Signal next line - sMachine 2
;>>>    jmp pix         changed to wrap in sMachine 3

' vsync7 - using irq 4-7 for inter-machine signalling
' Output vSync 64uS pulses on GP20 (pin 26) continuous
' Output 480 hSync 4uS pulses after each vSync Backporch
' Output 640 pixels after hSync Backporch
' Manually mod'd asmcode for 4 wrap/wrap_targets to fit code in
Option explicit

Dim integer asmcode(7)

asmcode(0)=&HA04780A0E003E087
asmcode(1)=&HC004E003BE42FF02
asmcode(2)=&HA04780A00049A022
asmcode(3)=&HC005004EA02220C4
asmcode(4)=&HA02220C5A04780A0
asmcode(5)=&H20C7C006E203E301
asmcode(6)=&H20C6A04780A00054
asmcode(7)=&HC007005EE007A022

SetPin GP20,pio0
SetPin GP21,pio0
SetPin GP22,pio0

PIO clear 0
PIO PROGRAM 0,asmcode()

' assign 3 pins to SET group, base GP20. 4 wrap_target/wrap manually attained.
PIO INIT MACHINE 0,0,1000000,Pio(pinctrl 0,3,0,0,0,20),Pio(execctrl 0,4,9)
PIO INIT MACHINE 0,1,1000000,,Pio(execctrl 0,12,15)  'No pins touched
PIO INIT MACHINE 0,2,1000000,Pio(pinctrl 0,3,0,0,0,20),Pio(execctrl 0,18,24)
PIO INIT MACHINE 0,3,25000000,Pio(pinctrl 0,3,0,0,0,20),Pio(execctrl 0,27,31)

' start each sMachine backwards 3 to 0
' sMachine 0 kicks it all off and running (vSync)
PIO START 0,3
PIO EXECUTE 0,3,25     ' PIO 0, Machine 3, instruction 25
PIO WRITE 0,3,1,640    ' dummy 640 pixels/line

'FillBuf               ' sMachine 3 - pixel data

PIO START 0,2
PIO EXECUTE 0,2,16     ' PIO 0, Machine 2, instruction 16
PIO WRITE 0,2,1,480    ' 480 scan lines

PIO START 0,1
PIO EXECUTE 0,1,10     ' PIO 0, Machine 1, instruction 10
PIO WRITE 0,1,1,1019   ' sMachine 1 - backporch delay 1.02 mSecs

PIO START 0,0
PIO EXECUTE 0,0,0     ' PIO 0, Machine 0, instruction 0
PIO WRITE 0,0,1,16619 ' sMachine 0 - vSync delay 16.6 mSecs

Do
   Pause 1                   ' Every 1 mSecs
   Print ".";
'    FillBuf
Loop

' NOT used!
' Need to join RX_FIFO to TX_FIFO, add Auto-Pull & change def direction
' Then change the O/P pixel code to OUT instruction (2 cycle) and up the
' sMachine frequency to 50MHz and add a screen buffer and DMA!
' That's all.
Sub FillBuf
Local integer i

  For i = 1 To 160
       PIO WRITE 0,3,1,&HAAAAAAAA
   Next i
End Sub

End

' toggle() simple toggle of set & side set pins out of phase
' Output pulse on GP20 (pin 26) with side_set on GP21 (pin 27)
Option Explicit


'toggle() NB: FINAL code generated using RPF pioasm!
'.side_set 1   <--- max delay reduced to 15
'    set pindirs 3 side 1
'.wrap_target
'    set pins 1 side 0 [15]
'    set pins 0 side 1 [15]
'.wrap

Dim integer asmcode(7)

asmcode(0)=&HA042FF00EF01F083
asmcode(1)=&HA042A042A042A042
asmcode(2)=&HA042A042A042A042
asmcode(3)=&HA042A042A042A042
asmcode(4)=&HA042A042A042A042
asmcode(5)=&HA042A042A042A042
asmcode(6)=&HA042A042A042A042
asmcode(7)=&HA042A042A042A042

SetPin GP20,pio0
SetPin GP21,pio0

PIO CLEAR 0

PIO PROGRAM 0,asmcode()

' NB: GP prefix needed for b16 onwards
Dim integer dum1 = Pio(pinctrl 1,2,0,gp0,gp21,gp20)
Dim integer dum2 = Pio(execctrl 0,1,2)

'Print "&H"+Hex$(dum1)    <<<<< Correct data for this call
'Print "&H"+Hex$(dum2)    <<<<< Correct    ditto
'End

PIO INIT MACHINE 0,0,1000000,dum1,dum2      ' Correct call
PIO START 0,0

Do
  Pause 1000
  Print ".";
Loop

PIO INIT MACHINE pio%, statemachine%, clockspeed [,pinctrl] [,execctrl] [,shiftctrl][,startinstruction]

PIO 1kHz square wave

The manual is just wrong, the SDK call used to initialise the PIO specifically clears pinctrl. If using any outputs you must then set up pinctrl. In the manual the command should be

PIO init machine 0,0,100000,Pio(pinctrl 0,1)


The attached is tested and works perfectly on the PicoMiteVGA

Dim a%(7)=(&H0001E000E101E081,0,0,0,0,0,0,0)
SetPin 1,pio1
PIO program 1,a%()
PIO init machine 1,0,100000,Pio(pinctrl 0,1)
PIO start 1,0

In the early days of picomite development, I played with the PIO inside the picomite.
After some initial investigations, I dropped the topic, in favour of other picomite functions.

Now, after a year, I wanted to pick it up again, and found my knowledge was very rusty.
I did not even know how to assemble (compile) the code, tried using PASM12a (Mixtel90).

After a lot of "aha"'s I finally have something working, and I wanted to share it with you.
Maybe it may serve others to shorten their introduction to PIO.

This program uses the PIO to measure period (1/frequency) of an incoming signal. To achieve this it uses the "JMP PIN" PIO instruction. You can assign any of the 32 GPIO pins to this instruction. The PIN does not have to be in the SET PIN map, it is completely independent of the PINCTRL settings. It can also be a pin the is connected to an internal PWM (as shown in the example).

To test the measurement function, the PIO is measuring the frequency of GP0 that is driven from a PWM running at 1kHz.

The register adresses used (&h503000xx) refer to PIO 1. Similar use &h502000xx when using PIO 0).

I hope this is of some benefit to others.

'PIO measure period - this works !!!
'The program uses a PMW output to generate a test frequency, just to test the function
'the PIO (PIO1 sequencer 0 in this example) measures the period (1/frequency) of the incomming signal at GPx
'the signal must be logic level. For this example the sequencer runs at 1MHz, gives a 500kHz (2us) resolution
'of the measured clock.

'generate 1khz test tone on GP0
SetPin gp0,pwm0a
PWM 0,1000,50

' PIO1 program, measure period on GPx (depends on PIN setting EXECCTRL register)
' the period is 2*TC*(count+3), where TC= PIO clock frequency
'
'0 set x 0        E020 clear X
'1 mov x -x       A029 change X to -1 (ffffffff)
'2 jmp pin 4      00C4 when pin=1 goto count loop 2
'3 jmp x-- 2      0042 count loop 1 (while PIN=low)
'4 jmp x-- 5      0045 count loop 2 (while PIN=high)
'5 jmp pin 4      00C4
'6 mov -x isr     A0C9 finished counting, move X to shift register
'7 push noblock   8000 and push shif register to FIFO
'8 jmp always 0   0000 in future may be replaced by .wrap
'
Dim a%(7)=(&h004200c4a029E020,&h8000a0c900c40045,0,0,0,0,0,0)

SetPin gp1,pio1  'not sure if this is needed

'configure the PIO sequencer clock and pin registers
e=Pio(execctrl 0,0,&h1f) 'use pin gp0 (no external wire, snoop pin GP0)
'e=Pio(execctrl 1,0,&h1f) 'use pin gp1 (external wire to GP0)
s=Peek(word &h503000d0) 'just to get default value reprogrammed
p=0 'no IO pins used except PIN in JMP (not part of this register)

'program the above program in the PIO and setup the machine, and start it.
PIO program 1,a%()
PIO init machine 1,0,1000000,p,e,s
PIO start 1,0

'wait a moment for data to get collected
Pause 100

'read the top of the PIO FIFO one word at at time. Since you start measuring at a
'random moment, the first reading can be wrong (incomplete cycle).
Do
count = Peek(word &h50300020) 'reads the fifo register
period = 2 * (count + 3)
print "the period measured is ";period;" us"
Pause 100
Loop While Inkey$=""

PIO stop 1,0
End

count = peek(word &h50300020)

pio read 1,0,count